Love and Walker (1979) reported that among all mogoplistines of eastern United States, the species of the bidens complex were the most challenging and least understood and that extensive collection of specimens and songs indicated the probability of many populations with slight differences in morphology, habitat, song, and life history. They limited their recognition of species within the complex to a coastal species (pigrum) and three species that occur in Alachua County, Florida (bidens, velox, and tardum).
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The map above shows where inland populations of the bidens complex occur, including those that cannot be assigned with certainly to any of the three currently recognized inland species.